| Peer-Reviewed

Evaluations of Some Trace Metal Levels from the Leaves of Salix nigra in Hayatabad Industrial Estate Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Received: 6 January 2015     Accepted: 16 January 2015     Published: 27 January 2015
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Plants are crucial components of eco and agrosystems & are the first compartment of the telluric food chain. When grown-up on contaminated soils, they become latent threat to human and animal fitness as they may gather some toxic elements (e.g., metals) in their tissues and causing many serious problems. A new preliminary draft report by “ArizonaSkyWatch” shows dramatic increases in heavy metals that simply do not belong in our air. These figures indicate how many times they are over the allowable toxic limit: Cd 6.0, Cr 6.4 & Zn 7.5. The current study was aimed to evaluate chromium, zinc and cadmium in the leaves of Salix nigra using atomic absorption spectrometry (UV-750 Spectrophotometer). The results showed higher concentration of chromium in S. nigra (0.079 mg/Kg). Zinc and cadmium were with values of 0.55 and 0.04 mg/kg. The chromium levels in the leaves of S. nigra falls above the acceptable limits whereas zinc content exceeds the FAO/WHO set limits which are (99.4 and 0.20 mg/kg). The sturdy connection between the degree of contamination and concentrations in all plant leaves displayed the results that the leaves of S. nigra imitate the environmental changes accurately, and that they seem as an effective biomonitor of environmental quality in areas subjected to industrial and traffic pollutions.

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 2-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemical and Pharmacological Study of Medicinal Plants

DOI 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030201.13
Page(s) 21-24
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Salix nigra, Trace metals, Industrial pollution, Traffic pollution

References
[1] Aksoy, A., Sahin, U., Duman, F.,Robinia (2000). Pseudo-acacai L. as a possible bio-Monitor of heavy metal Pollution in Kayseri. Turk. J. Bot: 24(5):279-284.
[2] WHO (1972). Health Hazard of Human Environment Geneva.
[3] Schuberk, J (1973). Heavy metals – toxicity and environmental pollution. In: Metal Ions in Biological Systems,Dhar, S. K (ed). Plenum Press, New York. 376.
[4] Mielk,HW.,Reagon, PL (1988). Soil as an impact pathway of human lead exposure. Environ. Health Perspect. 106(1):217-229.
[5] Ward,NI., Brooks, R.R., Reeves, R.D (1974). Effect of Lead from motor vehicle exhaustion on tree along a major through Fare in palmerston North, New Zealand. Environ. Pollution 6:149-158
[6] Grodzinka, K (1977). Acidity of tree bark as a bio-indicator of forest pollution in Southern Poland: Water, Air and Soil Pollution 8:3-7.
[7] Momani, K., Jiries, A., Jaradat, Q (2000). Atmospheric deposition of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in Amman. Jordan. Turk. J. Chem. 24:231-237.
[8] Scerbo R, Possenti L, Lampugnani L, Ristori T, Barale R, Barghigiani C (2002). Lichen (xanthoriaparientina) bio-monitoring of trace element contamination and air quality assessment in Livorno province (Tuscany, Italy). Sci. Total Environ. 286(1-3):27-40
[9] Shanker, A.K., Cervantes, C., Loza-Tavera, H., Avudainayagam, S (2005). Chromium Toxicity in plants. Environ. Int. 31(5):739–753.
[10] Momani, K., Jiries, A., Jaradat, Q (2000). Atmospheric deposition of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in Amman. Jordan. Turk. J. Chem. 24:231-237.
[11] Van, A.F., Clijsters, H (1985). Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Phaseolus Vulgaris by treatment with toxic concentration of Zinc: Effect of ribulose- 1,5 – bio-phosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase. J. Plant Physiol. 125:355-360
[12] Krupa, Z., Baszynski, T (1995). Some aspects of heavy metal toxicity towards photosynthetic apparatus – Direct and indirect effects on light and dark reactions.Acta Physiology of Plants. 17:177-190.
[13] Sersen, F., Kralova, K., Bumbalova, A (1998). Action of Mercury on the photosynthesic apparatus of spinach chloroplasts.Photosynthetica 35:551-559.
[14] Bánfalvi, G (2011), Heavy Metals, Trace Elements and their Cellular Effects', in G Bánfalvi (ed.),Cellular Effects of Heavy Metals, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 3–28, ISBN 9789400704275
[15] Awofolu, O.R (2005). A Survey of Trace Metals in Vegetation, Soil and lower Animals along some selected major road in metropolitan city ofLagos. Environ. Monitoring Assessment 105:431-447.
[16] Punshon, T., Dickinson, N(1997). Acclimation of Salix to metal stress’, New Phytologist 137, 303–314.
[17] Ali, M.B., Tripathi, R. D., Rai, U. N., Pal, A. and Singh, S.P(1999). Physico-chemical characteristics and pollution level of lakeNainital (U.P., India): Role of macrophytes and phytoplankton in biomonitoring and phytoremediation of toxic metal ions, Chemosphere 39(12), 2171– 2182.
[18] Watson, C., Pulford, I. D., Riddell-Black, D (2003). Development of a hydroponic screening technique to assess heavy metal resistance in willow (Salix), Int. J. Phytoremediat. 5(4), 333– 349.
[19] Ali, M. B., Vajpayee, P., Tripathi, R. D., Rai, U. N., Singh, S. N. and Singh, S. P (2003). ‘Phytoremediation of Lead, Nikel, and Copper by Salix acmophyllaBoiss.: Role of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant substances’, Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol. 70, 462–469.
[20] Keller, C., Hammer, D., Kayser, A., Richner, W., Brodbeck, M. and Sennhauser, M (2003). ‘Root development and heavy metal phytoextraction efficiency: Comparison of different plant species in the field’, Plant Soil 249, 67–81.
[21] Kuzovkina, Y. A., Knee, M. and Quigley, M. F (2004b). ‘Cadmium and copper uptake and translocation of five Salix L. species’, Int. J. Phytoremed., in press.
[22] Dickinson, N.M., Punshon, T., Hodkinson, R. B., Lepp, N.W (1994).‘Metal tolerance and accumulation in willows’, in P. Aronsson and K. Perttu (eds), Willow Vegetation Filters for Municipal Wastewater and Sludges, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, pp. 121– 127.
[23] Landberg, T., Greger, M (1994).‘Cadmiun tolerance in Salix’, BiologiaPlantarum 361(Suppl.), 280.
[24] Greger, M., Landberg, T(1999).‘Use of willow in phytoextraction’, Int. J. Phytoremed. 1(2), 115–123.
[25] Robinson, B. H., Mills, T. M., Petit, D., Fung, L. E., Green, S. R. and Clothier, B. E(2000). ‘Natural and induced cadmium-accumulation in poplar and willow: Implications for phytoremediation’, Plant Soil 227, 301–306.
[26] Klang-Westin, E., Perttu, K (2002).‘Effect of nutrient supply and soil cadmium concentration on cadmium removal by willow’, Biomass Bioenerg. 23, 415–426.
[27] Keller, C., Hammer, D., Kayser, A., Richner, W., Brodbeck, M., Sennhauser, M(2003). ‘Root development and heavy metal phytoextraction efficiency: Comparison of different plant species in the field’, Plant Soil 249, 67–81.
[28] Klang-Westin, E., Eriksson, J (2003). ‘Potential of Salix as phytoextractor for Cd on moderately contaminated soils’, Plant Soil 249, 127–137.
[29] Lunackova, L., Masarovicova, E., Kral’ova, K., Stresko, V (2003). ‘Response of fast growing woody plants from family Salicaceae to cadmium treatment’, Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol. 70, 576–585.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Wasim Ahmed, Mushtaq Ahmad, Abdur Rauf, Faridullah Shah, Sajjad Khan, et al. (2015). Evaluations of Some Trace Metal Levels from the Leaves of Salix nigra in Hayatabad Industrial Estate Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 3(2-1), 21-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030201.13

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Wasim Ahmed; Mushtaq Ahmad; Abdur Rauf; Faridullah Shah; Sajjad Khan, et al. Evaluations of Some Trace Metal Levels from the Leaves of Salix nigra in Hayatabad Industrial Estate Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2015, 3(2-1), 21-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030201.13

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Wasim Ahmed, Mushtaq Ahmad, Abdur Rauf, Faridullah Shah, Sajjad Khan, et al. Evaluations of Some Trace Metal Levels from the Leaves of Salix nigra in Hayatabad Industrial Estate Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2015;3(2-1):21-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030201.13

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030201.13,
      author = {Wasim Ahmed and Mushtaq Ahmad and Abdur Rauf and Faridullah Shah and Sajjad Khan and Sajid Kamal and Shahzaib Shah and Abdullah Khan},
      title = {Evaluations of Some Trace Metal Levels from the Leaves of Salix nigra in Hayatabad Industrial Estate Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan},
      journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {2-1},
      pages = {21-24},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030201.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030201.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.s.2015030201.13},
      abstract = {Plants are crucial components of eco and agrosystems & are the first compartment of the telluric food chain. When grown-up on contaminated soils, they become latent threat to human and animal fitness as they may gather some toxic elements (e.g., metals) in their tissues and causing many serious problems. A new preliminary draft report by “ArizonaSkyWatch” shows dramatic increases in heavy metals that simply do not belong in our air. These figures indicate how many times they are over the allowable toxic limit: Cd 6.0, Cr 6.4 & Zn 7.5. The current study was aimed to evaluate chromium, zinc and cadmium in the leaves of Salix nigra using atomic absorption spectrometry (UV-750 Spectrophotometer). The results showed higher concentration of chromium in S. nigra (0.079 mg/Kg). Zinc and cadmium were with values of 0.55 and 0.04 mg/kg. The chromium levels in the leaves of S. nigra falls above the acceptable limits whereas zinc content exceeds the FAO/WHO set limits which are (99.4 and 0.20 mg/kg). The sturdy connection between the degree of contamination and concentrations in all plant leaves displayed the results that the leaves of S. nigra imitate the environmental changes accurately, and that they seem as an effective biomonitor of environmental quality in areas subjected to industrial and traffic pollutions.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evaluations of Some Trace Metal Levels from the Leaves of Salix nigra in Hayatabad Industrial Estate Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
    AU  - Wasim Ahmed
    AU  - Mushtaq Ahmad
    AU  - Abdur Rauf
    AU  - Faridullah Shah
    AU  - Sajjad Khan
    AU  - Sajid Kamal
    AU  - Shahzaib Shah
    AU  - Abdullah Khan
    Y1  - 2015/01/27
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030201.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030201.13
    T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    SP  - 21
    EP  - 24
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-880X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030201.13
    AB  - Plants are crucial components of eco and agrosystems & are the first compartment of the telluric food chain. When grown-up on contaminated soils, they become latent threat to human and animal fitness as they may gather some toxic elements (e.g., metals) in their tissues and causing many serious problems. A new preliminary draft report by “ArizonaSkyWatch” shows dramatic increases in heavy metals that simply do not belong in our air. These figures indicate how many times they are over the allowable toxic limit: Cd 6.0, Cr 6.4 & Zn 7.5. The current study was aimed to evaluate chromium, zinc and cadmium in the leaves of Salix nigra using atomic absorption spectrometry (UV-750 Spectrophotometer). The results showed higher concentration of chromium in S. nigra (0.079 mg/Kg). Zinc and cadmium were with values of 0.55 and 0.04 mg/kg. The chromium levels in the leaves of S. nigra falls above the acceptable limits whereas zinc content exceeds the FAO/WHO set limits which are (99.4 and 0.20 mg/kg). The sturdy connection between the degree of contamination and concentrations in all plant leaves displayed the results that the leaves of S. nigra imitate the environmental changes accurately, and that they seem as an effective biomonitor of environmental quality in areas subjected to industrial and traffic pollutions.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 2-1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Bio-Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science & Technology Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

  • Department of Bio-Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science & Technology Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

  • Centre for Phytomedicine and Medicinal Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

  • Department of Bio-Chemistry & Community Medicine, Bannu Medical College Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

  • Department of Bio-Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science & Technology Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

  • Department of Bio-Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science & Technology Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

  • Department of Bio-Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science & Technology Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

  • Department of Bio-Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science & Technology Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

  • Sections