| Peer-Reviewed

Factors Affecting the Harmonics Generated by a Group of CFLs: Experimental Measurements

Received: 9 February 2015     Accepted: 26 February 2015     Published: 4 March 2015
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The penetration of nonlinear loads on power systems increases the harmonics that can cause detrimental problems to power systems such as an increase in voltage distortion, equipment failure, system resonance, increase system losses and decrease system efficiency. Many factors affect the harmonics produced by nonlinear loads. Hence, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of system voltage, impedance, frequency and background voltage distortion on the harmonics generated by a group of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs). Experimental measurements are performed for this purpose.

Published in American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.epes.20150401.12
Page(s) 10-16
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Distortion, Harmonics, Power Quality, CFLs, Nonlinear Loads, THD

References
[1] J. C. Das, “Power System Analysis: Short-Circuit Load Flow and Harmonics”, Marcel Dekker, 2002.
[2] E. F. Fuchs and M. A. S. Masoum “Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines”, Academic Press, 2008.
[3] B. W. Kennedy, “Power Quality Primer”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000.
[4] F. C. De La Rosa, “Harmonics and Power Systems”, CRC Press, 2006.
[5] N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, and W. P. Robbins, “Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design”, 3rd ed., New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
[6] R. C. Dugan, M. F. McGranaghan, S. Santoso, and H. Wayne Beaty, “Electrical Power System Quality”, McGraw-Hill Professional, 3rd ed., 2012.
[7] A. Ghosh and G. Ledwich, “Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices”, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2002.
[8] Shrivastava, A.; Singh, B.; , "PFC Cuk converter based electronic ballast for an 18 W compact fluorescent lamp," Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), 2010 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.393-397, July 29 2010-Aug. 1 2010.
[9] Lam, J.C.W.; Jain, P.K.; , "A High-Power-Factor Single-Stage Single-Switch Electronic Ballast for Compact Fluorescent Lamps," Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on , vol.25, no.8, pp.2045-2058, Aug. 2010.
[10] Wei Yan; Tam, E.; Hui, S.Y.; , "A Semi-Theoretical Fluorescent Lamp Model for Time-Domain Transient and Steady-State Simulations," Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on , vol.22, no.6, pp.2106-2115, Nov. 2007.
[11] "Guidance on current and forth coming legislation within the lighting sector,": The Institution of Lighting Professionals, 2011.
[12] Ying-Chun Chuang; Chin-Sien Moo; Hsien-Wen Chen; Tsai-Fu Lin; , "A Novel Single-Stage High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast With Boost Topology for Multiple Fluorescent Lamps," Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on , vol.45, no.1, pp.323-331, Jan.-feb. 2009.
[13] Jing Yong; Liang Chen; Nassif, A.B.; Wilsun Xu;, "A Frequency-Domain Harmonic Model for Compact Fluorescent Lamps," Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on , vol.25, no.2, pp.1182-1189, April 2010.
[14] Cunill-Sola, J.; Salichs, M.; , "Study and Characterization of Waveforms From Low-Watt ( 25 W) Compact Fluorescent Lamps With Electronic Ballasts," Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on , vol.22, no.4, pp.2305-2311, Oct. 2007.
[15] Ying-Chun Chuang; Hung-Liang Cheng; , "Single-Stage Single-Switch High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast for Fluorescent Lamps," Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 2006 IEEE , vol., no., pp.1-7, 0-0 0.
[16] A. Mansoor, W. M. Grady, A. H. Chowdhury, and M. J. Samotyj, “An investigation of harmonics attenuation and diversity among distributed single-phase power electronics loads,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 10, pp. 467–473, Jan. 1995.
[17] A. Mansoor, W. M. Grady, P. T. Staats, R. S. Thallam, M. T. Doyle, and M. J. Samotyj, “Predicting the net harmonic currents produced by large numbers of distributed single-phase computer loads,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 10, pp. 2001–2006, Oct. 1995.
[18] P. J. Moore and I.E. Portugués, “The influence of personal computer processing modes on line current harmonics”, IEEE Transactions on power delivery, vol. 18, no. 4, October 2003.
[19] A. I. Maswood and J. Zhu, “Attenuation and Diversity Effect in Harmonic Current Propagation Study”, Proc. 2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society (PES) General Meeting, Toronto, Canada, 2003.
[20] Nassif, A.B.; Acharya, J., "An investigation on the harmonic attenuation effect of modern compact fluorescent lamps," Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2008. ICHQP 2008. 13th International Conference on, vol., no., pp.1-6, Sept. 28 2008-Oct. 1 2008.
[21] Nassif, A.B.; Wilsun Xu;, "Characterizing the Harmonic Attenuation Effect of Compact Fluorescent Lamps," Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on , vol.24, no.3, pp.1748-1749, July 2009.
[22] Nassif, A.B, "Modeling, Measurement and Mitigation of Power System Harmonics", PhD Thesis, University of Alberta, 2009.
[23] S. Hansen, P. Nielsen, and F. Blaabjerg, “Harmonic cancellation by mixing nonlinear single-phase and three-phase loads” IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 36, pp. 152–159, Jan./Feb. 2000.
[24] W. M. Grady, A. Mansoor, E. F. Fuchs, P. Verde and M. Doyle, “Estimating the Net Harmonic Currents Produced by Selected Distributed Single-Phase Loads: Computers, Televisions, and Incandescent Light Dimmers”, Power Engineering Society, Winter Meeting, IEEE, 2, 1090-1094, 2002.
[25] A. Mansoor, A.; Grady, W.M.; Thallam, R.S.; Doyle, M.T.; Krein, S.D.; Samotyj, M.J.; , "Effect of supply voltage harmonics on the input current of single-phase diode bridge rectifier loads," Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on , vol.10, no.3, pp.1416-1422, Jul 1995.
[26] Paulo F. Ribeiro, “Time-varying waveform distortions in power systems”, John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
[27] M. H. J. Bollen And I. Y. H. Gu, “Signal Processing of Power Quality Disturbances”, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
[28] Blanco, A.M.; Stiegler, R.; Meyer, J., "Power quality disturbances caused by modern lighting equipment (CFL and LED)," PowerTech (POWERTECH), 2013 IEEE Grenoble, vol., no., pp.1,6, 16-20 June 2013.
[29] Prudenzi, A.; Grasselli, U.; Lamedica, R., "IEC Std. 61000-3-2 harmonic current emission limits in practical systems: need of considering loading level and attenuation effects," Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001, vol.1, no., pp.277, 282 vol.1, 2001.
[30] Rawa, M.J.H.; Thomas, D.W.P.; Sumner, M.; Chin, J.X., "Source voltage, frequency and impedance variation effects on the harmonics generated from a Personal Computer," Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2012), 6th IET International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,6, 27-29 March 2012 doi: 10.1049/cp.2012.0210.
[31] Rawa, M.J.H.; Thomas, D.W.P.; Sumner, M., "Harmonics attenuation of nonlinear loads due to linear loads," Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC), 2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on , vol., no., pp.829,832, 21-24 May 2012.
[32] Rawa, M.J.H.; Thomas, D.W.P.; Sumner, M., "Factors affecting the harmonics generated by a cluster of personal computers," Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), 2014 IEEE 16th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.167, 171, 25-28 May 2014.
[33] Rawa, M.J.H.; Thomas, D.W.P.; Sumner, M., "Background voltage distortion and percentage of nonlinear load impacts on the harmonics produced by a group of Personal Computers," Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC Europe), 2014 International Symposium on , vol., no., pp. 626,630, 1-4 Sept. 2014.
[34] Programmable AC Source 61511/61512 User’s Manual (Chroma), Chroma ATE INC., Version 1.1, 2009, P/N A11 001293.
[35] PPA1500 KinetiQ User Manual, Newtons4th Ltd, 2010.
[36] IEEE Standard 519-1992, “IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems”.
[37] BS 7671:2008+A1:2011, “Requirements for electrical installations”. IET Wiring Regulations. 7th edition.
[38] The Grid Code, N. G. E. T. plc, CC.6.1.2, (2011).
[39] (31 August 2011). Central Networks Supply Information. Available: http://www.eonuk.com/distribution/electricians.aspx
[40] "IEEE Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions," IEEE Std 1459-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1459-2000) , volume, no., pp.1-40, March 19 (2010).
[41] Lam, J.C.W.; Jain, P.K.; Jain, P.K.; , "A Dimmable Electronic Ballast With Unity Power Factor Based on a Single-Stage Current-Fed Resonant Inverter," Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on , vol.23, no.6, pp.3103-3115, Nov. 2008.
[42] Chan, S. S. M.; Chung, H. S.-H.; Lee, Y.-S.;, "Design and Implementation of Dimmable Electronic Ballast Based on Integrated Inductor," Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol.22, no.1, pp.291-300, Jan. 2007.
[43] Chang-Shien Lin;, "Low power 60 kHz electrodeless fluorescent lamp for indoor use," IPEC, 2010 Conference Proceedings , vol., no., pp.682-686, 27-29 Oct. 2010.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Muhyaddin J. H. Rawa, David W. P. Thomas. (2015). Factors Affecting the Harmonics Generated by a Group of CFLs: Experimental Measurements. American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 4(1), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20150401.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Muhyaddin J. H. Rawa; David W. P. Thomas. Factors Affecting the Harmonics Generated by a Group of CFLs: Experimental Measurements. Am. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2015, 4(1), 10-16. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20150401.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Muhyaddin J. H. Rawa, David W. P. Thomas. Factors Affecting the Harmonics Generated by a Group of CFLs: Experimental Measurements. Am J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2015;4(1):10-16. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20150401.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.epes.20150401.12,
      author = {Muhyaddin J. H. Rawa and David W. P. Thomas},
      title = {Factors Affecting the Harmonics Generated by a Group of CFLs: Experimental Measurements},
      journal = {American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {10-16},
      doi = {10.11648/j.epes.20150401.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20150401.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.epes.20150401.12},
      abstract = {The penetration of nonlinear loads on power systems increases the harmonics that can cause detrimental problems to power systems such as an increase in voltage distortion, equipment failure, system resonance, increase system losses and decrease system efficiency. Many factors affect the harmonics produced by nonlinear loads. Hence, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of system voltage, impedance, frequency and background voltage distortion on the harmonics generated by a group of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs). Experimental measurements are performed for this purpose.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Factors Affecting the Harmonics Generated by a Group of CFLs: Experimental Measurements
    AU  - Muhyaddin J. H. Rawa
    AU  - David W. P. Thomas
    Y1  - 2015/03/04
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20150401.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.epes.20150401.12
    T2  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
    JF  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
    JO  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
    SP  - 10
    EP  - 16
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2326-9200
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20150401.12
    AB  - The penetration of nonlinear loads on power systems increases the harmonics that can cause detrimental problems to power systems such as an increase in voltage distortion, equipment failure, system resonance, increase system losses and decrease system efficiency. Many factors affect the harmonics produced by nonlinear loads. Hence, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of system voltage, impedance, frequency and background voltage distortion on the harmonics generated by a group of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs). Experimental measurements are performed for this purpose.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Electrical Systems and Optics Research Division, the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK

  • Electrical Systems and Optics Research Division, the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK

  • Sections