This study involved the determination of heavy metals of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var botrytis L.), carrot root (Daucus carota L.), tomato fruit (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), onion bulb (Allium cepa L.) and leafy cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var capitata L.) and the respective soils from Lushoto District, Tanzania. Samples were collected from eight growing sites. The accumulated heavy metals were quantified and the levels compared to the FAO/WHO CODEX-STAN 179:2003 and TZS 972:2007 contamination limits for such produce. The methodology involved random sampling, extraction of the metals from the vegetable and soil and determination of heavy metals by using ICP-OES and GFAAS. The levels of Cu in all vegetables were below the FAO/WHO limit while levels of Cr and Zn in all vegetables were found to be above this limit therefore advocating a health risk for consumers. Pb was only found in carrots at 2 sites (Montisory and Resource centre) and in onions at the market all at levels above the FAO/WHO limit while Cd was only found in onions and tomatoes at 2 sites (market and Montisory) at above the FAO/WHO limits. Vegetables especially onions from the Mlalo market advocate a health risk to consumers. Levels of heavy metals in the soils were below the limits of the Tanzanian standard (TZS 972: 2007) and were lower than levels found in vegetables. However, the bioconcentration factor for Cr, Pb, Cd and Zn in all vegetables and tomatoes where they were detected except for cabbages at the Garage site were found to be above 1, an indication of high uptake of heavy metals in the vegetables from the soil. Cu at 80% of the sites had a BCF lower than 1 indicating that Cu was more abundant in the soil compared to the vegetables. These results suggest that these vegetables from Lushoto district are not safe for consumption in their raw state.
| Published in | International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 2, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijema.20140206.13 |
| Page(s) | 313-319 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Heavy metals, Vegetables, Tomatoes, Soil, Bioconcentration factor
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APA Style
Lugwisha Esther Hellen, Othman Chande Othman. (2014). Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Soil, Tomatoes and Selected Vegetables from Lushoto District-Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2(6), 313-319. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140206.13
ACS Style
Lugwisha Esther Hellen; Othman Chande Othman. Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Soil, Tomatoes and Selected Vegetables from Lushoto District-Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2014, 2(6), 313-319. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20140206.13
AMA Style
Lugwisha Esther Hellen, Othman Chande Othman. Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Soil, Tomatoes and Selected Vegetables from Lushoto District-Tanzania. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2014;2(6):313-319. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20140206.13
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20140206.13,
author = {Lugwisha Esther Hellen and Othman Chande Othman},
title = {Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Soil, Tomatoes and Selected Vegetables from Lushoto District-Tanzania},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
volume = {2},
number = {6},
pages = {313-319},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20140206.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140206.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20140206.13},
abstract = {This study involved the determination of heavy metals of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var botrytis L.), carrot root (Daucus carota L.), tomato fruit (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), onion bulb (Allium cepa L.) and leafy cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var capitata L.) and the respective soils from Lushoto District, Tanzania. Samples were collected from eight growing sites. The accumulated heavy metals were quantified and the levels compared to the FAO/WHO CODEX-STAN 179:2003 and TZS 972:2007 contamination limits for such produce. The methodology involved random sampling, extraction of the metals from the vegetable and soil and determination of heavy metals by using ICP-OES and GFAAS. The levels of Cu in all vegetables were below the FAO/WHO limit while levels of Cr and Zn in all vegetables were found to be above this limit therefore advocating a health risk for consumers. Pb was only found in carrots at 2 sites (Montisory and Resource centre) and in onions at the market all at levels above the FAO/WHO limit while Cd was only found in onions and tomatoes at 2 sites (market and Montisory) at above the FAO/WHO limits. Vegetables especially onions from the Mlalo market advocate a health risk to consumers. Levels of heavy metals in the soils were below the limits of the Tanzanian standard (TZS 972: 2007) and were lower than levels found in vegetables. However, the bioconcentration factor for Cr, Pb, Cd and Zn in all vegetables and tomatoes where they were detected except for cabbages at the Garage site were found to be above 1, an indication of high uptake of heavy metals in the vegetables from the soil. Cu at 80% of the sites had a BCF lower than 1 indicating that Cu was more abundant in the soil compared to the vegetables. These results suggest that these vegetables from Lushoto district are not safe for consumption in their raw state.},
year = {2014}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Soil, Tomatoes and Selected Vegetables from Lushoto District-Tanzania AU - Lugwisha Esther Hellen AU - Othman Chande Othman Y1 - 2014/11/20 PY - 2014 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140206.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ijema.20140206.13 T2 - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis JF - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis JO - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis SP - 313 EP - 319 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7667 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140206.13 AB - This study involved the determination of heavy metals of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var botrytis L.), carrot root (Daucus carota L.), tomato fruit (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), onion bulb (Allium cepa L.) and leafy cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var capitata L.) and the respective soils from Lushoto District, Tanzania. Samples were collected from eight growing sites. The accumulated heavy metals were quantified and the levels compared to the FAO/WHO CODEX-STAN 179:2003 and TZS 972:2007 contamination limits for such produce. The methodology involved random sampling, extraction of the metals from the vegetable and soil and determination of heavy metals by using ICP-OES and GFAAS. The levels of Cu in all vegetables were below the FAO/WHO limit while levels of Cr and Zn in all vegetables were found to be above this limit therefore advocating a health risk for consumers. Pb was only found in carrots at 2 sites (Montisory and Resource centre) and in onions at the market all at levels above the FAO/WHO limit while Cd was only found in onions and tomatoes at 2 sites (market and Montisory) at above the FAO/WHO limits. Vegetables especially onions from the Mlalo market advocate a health risk to consumers. Levels of heavy metals in the soils were below the limits of the Tanzanian standard (TZS 972: 2007) and were lower than levels found in vegetables. However, the bioconcentration factor for Cr, Pb, Cd and Zn in all vegetables and tomatoes where they were detected except for cabbages at the Garage site were found to be above 1, an indication of high uptake of heavy metals in the vegetables from the soil. Cu at 80% of the sites had a BCF lower than 1 indicating that Cu was more abundant in the soil compared to the vegetables. These results suggest that these vegetables from Lushoto district are not safe for consumption in their raw state. VL - 2 IS - 6 ER -
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