Stem Barks and Roots Extravitism in Ekiti State Nigeria: Need for Conservation as a Sustainable Innovation in Healthcare Management in Rural Areas

Joshua Kayode; Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo; Modupe Janet Ayeni; Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11

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Stem Barks and Roots Extravitism in Ekiti State Nigeria: Need for Conservation as a Sustainable Innovation in Healthcare Management in Rural Areas

Joshua Kayode, Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo, Modupe Janet Ayeni, Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 27 January 2015 Accepted: 10 February 2015 Published: 16 February 2015

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Abstract

A combination of field surveys and direct observation was used to identify botanicals whose stems and/or roots were extracted for healthcare purposes in the rural communities of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Diverse number of species was identified as being used for health care by respondents in the study area. The respondents’ consensus factor which specifies the agreement degree of the respondents revealed that their preference for healthcare maintenance was skewed towards the use of botanicals rather than the orthodox drugs. Respondents’ fidelity level was determined and the results obtained revealed that the botanicals were perceived as safe, cheap, readily available with little or no side effects. Considerable proportions of these botanicals were not cultivated and their collection pattern was mostly annihilative and unsustainable. Thus they were mostly rare on the abundance scale used in this study. Most of the uncultivated species were indigenous tree species that has forest as their primary source. With increasing and unprecedented deforestation rate in the study area, there is the need for conservation of these species.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11
Page(s)	28-33
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Stem Barks, Roots, Extravitism, Conservation, Sustainable Innovation, Healthcare

References

[1]	Kayode, J. 2004. Conservation Perception of Endangered Tree Species by Rural Dwellers of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 19(4): 1-9.
[2]	Kayode, J. and Omotoyinbo, M. A. 2008a. Conservation of Botanicals Used for Dental and Oral Healthcare in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Ethnobotanical leaflets 12, 7-18.
[3]	Kayode, J. 2006. Conservation of indigenous medicinal botanicals in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE-B 7 (9): 713-718.
[4]	Repetto, R. 1988. The forest for the trees: Government policies and misuse of forest resources. World Resources Institute, Washington DC., pp: 16.
[5]	Lipp, F. J. 1989. Methods for ethno-phamacological fieldwork. Journal of Ethno-Pharmacology 25: 139-150.
[6]	Kayode, J. 2005. Ethno botanical survey and conservation of medicinal compositae species in Benin Kingdom, Nigeria. Compositae Newsl. 42, 48-54.
[7]	Molnar, A. 1989. Community Forestry: A rapid appraisal. FAO, Rome, p.60.
[8]	Kayode, J. and Omotoyinbo, M. A. 2009. Ethnobotanical utilization and conservation of chewing sticks plant species in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Botany 4(1):1-9.
[9]	Kayode, J. 2008. Survey of Plant Barks Used In Native Pharmaceutical Extraction In Yorubaland of Nigeria. Research Journal of Botany 3(1): 17-22
[10]	Kayode, J. 2003. Conservation and Yoruba forest taboos. The Nigerian Field 69: 53-61.
[11]	Kayode, J. 2010. Reconciliation of the supposedly irreconcilable: Conservation and Development. 26th Inaugural Lecture of The University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. University of Ado-Ekiti Press, Ado-Ekiti, 57pp.
[12]	Kayode, J., Christmas, E. and Kayode, G. M. 2008. Checklist and Conservation of Botanicals Used For Natality by the Okpe-Speaking People of Delta State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants 2(1): 16-21.
[13]	Kayode, J., Olanipekun, M. K. and Tedela, P. O. 2009. Medicobotanical studies in relation to veterinary medicine in Ekiti State, Nigeria: Checklist of botanicals species used for the treatment of poultry diseases. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13: 40-46.
[14]	Kayode, J. and Ogunleye, T. 2008. Checklist and Status of Plant Species Used as Spices in Kaduna State of Nigeria. Research Journal of Botany, 3 (1), 35-40
[15]	Cunningham, A. B. 1988. Collection of wild plant food in Tembe Thonga society. A guide to Iran age gathering activities. Ann. Natal Museum 29: 437-446.
[16]	Kayode, J. 2007. Conservation Implications of Timber Supply Pattern in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Forestry 1(2): 86-90.
[17]	Kayode, J. and Omotoyinbo, M. A. 2008b. Cultural Erosion and biodiversity: Conserving chewing stick knowledge in Ekiti State Nigeria. African Scientist 9(1): 41-51.

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APA Style

Joshua Kayode, Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo, Modupe Janet Ayeni, Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji. (2015). Stem Barks and Roots Extravitism in Ekiti State Nigeria: Need for Conservation as a Sustainable Innovation in Healthcare Management in Rural Areas. American Journal of BioScience, 3(2), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11

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ACS Style

Joshua Kayode; Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo; Modupe Janet Ayeni; Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji. Stem Barks and Roots Extravitism in Ekiti State Nigeria: Need for Conservation as a Sustainable Innovation in Healthcare Management in Rural Areas. Am. J. BioScience 2015, 3(2), 28-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11

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AMA Style

Joshua Kayode, Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo, Modupe Janet Ayeni, Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji. Stem Barks and Roots Extravitism in Ekiti State Nigeria: Need for Conservation as a Sustainable Innovation in Healthcare Management in Rural Areas. Am J BioScience. 2015;3(2):28-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11,
  author = {Joshua Kayode and Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo and Modupe Janet Ayeni and Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji},
  title = {Stem Barks and Roots Extravitism in Ekiti State Nigeria: Need for Conservation as a Sustainable Innovation in Healthcare Management in Rural Areas},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {28-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20150302.11},
  abstract = {A combination of field surveys and direct observation was used to identify botanicals whose stems and/or roots were extracted for healthcare purposes in the rural communities of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Diverse number of species was identified as being used for health care by respondents in the study area. The respondents’ consensus factor which specifies the agreement degree of the respondents revealed that their preference for healthcare maintenance was skewed towards the use of botanicals rather than the orthodox drugs. Respondents’ fidelity level was determined and the results obtained revealed that the botanicals were perceived as safe, cheap, readily available with little or no side effects. Considerable proportions of these botanicals were not cultivated and their collection pattern was mostly annihilative and unsustainable. Thus they were mostly rare on the abundance scale used in this study. Most of the uncultivated species were indigenous tree species that has forest as their primary source. With increasing and unprecedented deforestation rate in the study area, there is the need for conservation of these species.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Stem Barks and Roots Extravitism in Ekiti State Nigeria: Need for Conservation as a Sustainable Innovation in Healthcare Management in Rural Areas
AU  - Joshua Kayode
AU  - Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo
AU  - Modupe Janet Ayeni
AU  - Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji
Y1  - 2015/02/16
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 28
EP  - 33
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11
AB  - A combination of field surveys and direct observation was used to identify botanicals whose stems and/or roots were extracted for healthcare purposes in the rural communities of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Diverse number of species was identified as being used for health care by respondents in the study area. The respondents’ consensus factor which specifies the agreement degree of the respondents revealed that their preference for healthcare maintenance was skewed towards the use of botanicals rather than the orthodox drugs. Respondents’ fidelity level was determined and the results obtained revealed that the botanicals were perceived as safe, cheap, readily available with little or no side effects. Considerable proportions of these botanicals were not cultivated and their collection pattern was mostly annihilative and unsustainable. Thus they were mostly rare on the abundance scale used in this study. Most of the uncultivated species were indigenous tree species that has forest as their primary source. With increasing and unprecedented deforestation rate in the study area, there is the need for conservation of these species.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Joshua Kayode

Department of Plant Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo

Department of Plant Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Modupe Janet Ayeni

Department of Plant Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji

Department of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wiberforce Island, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Joshua Kayode, Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo, Modupe Janet Ayeni, Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji. (2015). Stem Barks and Roots Extravitism in Ekiti State Nigeria: Need for Conservation as a Sustainable Innovation in Healthcare Management in Rural Areas. American Journal of BioScience, 3(2), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11

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ACS Style

Joshua Kayode; Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo; Modupe Janet Ayeni; Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji. Stem Barks and Roots Extravitism in Ekiti State Nigeria: Need for Conservation as a Sustainable Innovation in Healthcare Management in Rural Areas. Am. J. BioScience 2015, 3(2), 28-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11

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AMA Style

Joshua Kayode, Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo, Modupe Janet Ayeni, Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji. Stem Barks and Roots Extravitism in Ekiti State Nigeria: Need for Conservation as a Sustainable Innovation in Healthcare Management in Rural Areas. Am J BioScience. 2015;3(2):28-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11,
  author = {Joshua Kayode and Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo and Modupe Janet Ayeni and Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji},
  title = {Stem Barks and Roots Extravitism in Ekiti State Nigeria: Need for Conservation as a Sustainable Innovation in Healthcare Management in Rural Areas},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {28-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20150302.11},
  abstract = {A combination of field surveys and direct observation was used to identify botanicals whose stems and/or roots were extracted for healthcare purposes in the rural communities of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Diverse number of species was identified as being used for health care by respondents in the study area. The respondents’ consensus factor which specifies the agreement degree of the respondents revealed that their preference for healthcare maintenance was skewed towards the use of botanicals rather than the orthodox drugs. Respondents’ fidelity level was determined and the results obtained revealed that the botanicals were perceived as safe, cheap, readily available with little or no side effects. Considerable proportions of these botanicals were not cultivated and their collection pattern was mostly annihilative and unsustainable. Thus they were mostly rare on the abundance scale used in this study. Most of the uncultivated species were indigenous tree species that has forest as their primary source. With increasing and unprecedented deforestation rate in the study area, there is the need for conservation of these species.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Stem Barks and Roots Extravitism in Ekiti State Nigeria: Need for Conservation as a Sustainable Innovation in Healthcare Management in Rural Areas
AU  - Joshua Kayode
AU  - Michael Ayorinde Omotoyinbo
AU  - Modupe Janet Ayeni
AU  - Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji
Y1  - 2015/02/16
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 28
EP  - 33
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150302.11
AB  - A combination of field surveys and direct observation was used to identify botanicals whose stems and/or roots were extracted for healthcare purposes in the rural communities of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Diverse number of species was identified as being used for health care by respondents in the study area. The respondents’ consensus factor which specifies the agreement degree of the respondents revealed that their preference for healthcare maintenance was skewed towards the use of botanicals rather than the orthodox drugs. Respondents’ fidelity level was determined and the results obtained revealed that the botanicals were perceived as safe, cheap, readily available with little or no side effects. Considerable proportions of these botanicals were not cultivated and their collection pattern was mostly annihilative and unsustainable. Thus they were mostly rare on the abundance scale used in this study. Most of the uncultivated species were indigenous tree species that has forest as their primary source. With increasing and unprecedented deforestation rate in the study area, there is the need for conservation of these species.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download