Cognitive Health and Economic Benefits of Using Vitamin B Food Supplements Among the European Union’s Aging Population

Christopher Shanahan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Cognitive Health and Economic Benefits of Using Vitamin B Food Supplements Among the European Union’s Aging Population

Christopher Shanahan

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 6)

Received: 23 June 2021 Accepted: 13 July 2021 Published: 23 November 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Giving the ageing of its citizens, and the expected rise in cognitive impairment that is likely to follow, the need for the mitigating tools to help manage the burden and the consequences of cognitive impairment grows daily in the European Union (EU). The total annual cost of managing the consequences of cognitive impairment among those age 65 and older in the EU was €265.17 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach €530.69 billion by 2030 given that more than 17 million European Union citizens will likely be inflicted by cognitive impairment of some type by 2030. This case study found that the total potential benefits for adults age 65 and older at risk of suffering from cognitive impairment from the daily utilization of Vitamin B at an effective intake level can yield over € 25 billion in health care cost savings per year between now and 2030 if all at-risk adults age 65 and older utilised Vitamin B supplements at effective intake levels. This finding is based on the meta analysis results of the qualified set of scientific studies where it is expected that the absolute risk reduction of a prevalent cognitive impairment event, given the supportive daily use of vitamin B food supplements is 9.5% relative risk reduction. This research and related case studies show that significant healthcare cost savings could be realised through a rigorous effort to identify high risk populations, such as seniors at risk of brain diseases that causes severe cognitive impairment, and inspire them to use an vitamin B food supplement that is shown through the scientific literature to have a significant health benefit to the user.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11
Page(s)	117-125
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vitamin B, Economic Savings, Health Benefits, Europe, Cognitive Decline

References

[1]	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved at https://data.oecd.org/pop/population.htm
[2]	Eurostat (2017) Retrieved at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Population_and_population_change_statistics
[3]	Médéric Alzheimer Foundation (2017) Prévention de la maladie d’Alzheimer et des maladies apparentées (MAMA). Commission Specialist Chronic Diseases of the High Council for Public Health on December 22, 2017.
[4]	World Alzheimer Report 2015. The Global Impact of Dementia - An analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost and trends. Alzheimer’s disease International (ADI), London.
[5]	Paraponaris and Davin (2015) Economics of the Iceberg: Informal Care Provided to European Elderly with Dementia. Value in Health. Volume 18, Issue 4, June 2015, Pages 368-375.
[6]	Wechsler, D. (1955). Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Psychological Corp. Retrieved at https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1955-07334-000
[7]	Pangman, V. C., Sloan, J., & Guse, L. (2000). An examination of psychometric properties of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the standardized Mini-Mental State Examination: Implications for clinical practice. Applied Nursing Research, 13 (4), 209-213.
[8]	Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H (2005). "The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment". J Am Geriatr Soc. 53 (4): 695–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x.
[9]	Katz, S.; Downs, T. D.; Cash, H. R.; Grotz, R. C. (1970). "Progress in development of the index of ADL". The Gerontologist. 10 (1 Part 1): 20–30. doi: 10.1093/geront/10.1_Part_1.20.
[10]	Katz, S.; Ford, A. B.; Moskowitz, R. W.; Jackson, B. A.; Jaffe, M. W. (1963). "Studies of illness in the aged. The index of adl: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function". Journal of the American Medical Association. 185 (12): 914–19. doi: 10.1001/jama.1963.0.
[11]	Sahakian, Barbara J.; Morris, Robin G.; Evenden, John L.; Heald, Andrew; Levy, Raymond; Philpot, Michael; Robbins, Trevor W. (1988). "A Comparative Study of Visuospatial Memory and Learning in Alzheimer-Type Dementia and Parkinson's Disease". Brain. 111 (3): 695–718. doi: 10.1093/.
[12]	Lezak, Muriel Deutsch (1995). Neuropsychological assessment. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509031-4.
[13]	Brandt J. (1991) The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test: Development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms. The Clinical Neuropsychologist.
[14]	Benedict R. H. B.; Schretlen D; Groninger L; Brandt J. Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised: Normative Data and Analysis of Inter-Form and Test-Retest Reliability. The Clinical Neuropsychologist (Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition: Sec, Volume 12, Number 1, February 1998.
[15]	Kaplan; Goodglass, Harold; Weintraub, Sandra (1983). Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. OCLC 10450471.
[16]	Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. About Herbs, Botanicals & Other Products - Intergrative Medicine. January 2013. http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/about-herbs-botanicals-other-products (accessed January 2015).
[17]	EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Guidance on the scientific requirements for health claims related to functions of the nervous system, including psychological functions. EFSA Journal 2012; 10 (7): 2816. [13 pp.]. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2816.
[18]	Shanahan, C. and de Lorimier, R. (2014). Targeted Use of Complementary Medicines: Potential Health Outcomes & Cost Savings in Australia. Unleash Economics. Retrieved at http://www.asmi.com.au/media/14046/final_frost_sullivan_report_photocopy_ready_8_oct_2014.pdf
[19]	DerSimonian, R., & Kacker, R. (2007). Random-effects model for meta-analysis of clinical trials - An update. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 28 (2): 105-14.
[20]	Junkkila J, Oja S, Laine M, Karrasch M. Applicability of the CANTAB-PAL computerized memory test in identifying amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2012; 34 (2): 83-9.
[21]	Zhang, D.-M., Ye, J.-X., Mu, J.-S., & Cui, X.-P. (2016). Efficacy of Vitamin B Supplementation on Cognition in Elderly Patients with Cognitive-Related Diseases. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 30 (1), 50–59. doi: 10.1177/0891988716673466.
[22]	(2014). Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for folate. EFSA Journal, 12 (11). doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3893.
[23]	(2016). Dietary Reference Values for vitamin B6. EFSA Journal, 14 (6). doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4485.
[24]	(2015). Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for cobalamin (vitamin B12). EFSA Journal, 13 (7), 4150. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4150.
[25]	Ma F, Li Q, Zhou X, Zhao J, Song A, Li W, Liu H, Xu W, Huang G. (2019) Eur J Nutr. 2019 Feb; 58 (1): 345-356. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1598-5. Epub 2017 Dec 18.
[26]	Kwok T, Lee J, Ma RC, Wong SY, Kung K, Lam A, Ho CS, Lee V, Harrison J, Lam L. (2017) Clin Nutr. 2017 Dec; 36 (6): 1509-1515. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.10.018. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
[27]	Dangour AD, Allen E, Clarke R, Elbourne D, Fletcher AE, Letley L, Richards M, Whyte K, Uauy R, Mills K. (2015) Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Sep; 102 (3): 639-47. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.110775. Epub 2015 Jul 1.
[28]	Van der Zwaluw NL, Dhonukshe-Rutten RA, van Wijngaarden JP, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, van de Rest O, In 't Veld PH, Enneman AW, van Dijk SC, Ham AC, Swart KM, van der Velde N, van Schoor NM, van der Cammen TJ, Uitterlinden AG, Lips P, Kessels RP, de Groot LC. (2014) Neurology. 2014 Dec 2; 83 (23): 2158-66. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001050. Epub 2014 Nov 12.
[29]	Cheng D, Kong H, Pang W, Yang H, Lu H, Huang C, Jiang Y. (2016) Nutr Neurosci. 2016 Dec; 19 (10): 461-466. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
[30]	Walker JG, Batterham PJ, Mackinnon AJ, Jorm AF, Hickie I, Fenech M, Kljakovic M, Crisp D, Christensen H. (2012) Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jan; 95 (1): 194-203. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.007799. Epub 2011 Dec 14. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Aug; 96 (2): 448. Dosage error in article text.
[31]	Ford AH, Flicker L, Alfonso H, Thomas J, Clarnette R, Martins R, Almeida OP. (2010) Neurology. 2010 Oct 26; 75 (17): 1540-7. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f962c4. Epub 2010 Sep 22. Erratum in: Neurology. 2011 Aug 23; 77 (8): 804. Dosage error in published abstract; MEDLINE/PubMed abstract corrected; Dosage error in article text.
[32]	Eussen SJ, de Groot LC, Joosten LW, Bloo RJ, Clarke R, Ueland PM, Schneede J, Blom HJ, Hoefnagels WH, van Staveren WA. (2006) Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug; 84 (2): 361-70.
[33]	Hooshmand, B., Refsum, H., Smith, A. D., Kalpouzos, G., Mangialasche, F., von Arnim, C. A. F., Fratiglioni, L. (2019). Association of Methionine to Homocysteine Status with Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures and Risk of Dementia. JAMA Psychiatry.
[34]	Kim, H., Kim, G., Jang, W., Kim, S. Y., & Chang, N. (2014). Association between intake of B vitamins and cognitive function in elderly Koreans with cognitive impairment. Nutrition journal, 13 (1), 118. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-118
[35]	Tardy, A. L., Pouteau, E., Marquez, D., Yilmaz, C., & Scholey, A. (2020). Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence. Nutrients, 12 (1), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010228
[36]	Meng, H., Li, Y., Zhang, W., Zhao, Y., Niu, X., & Guo, J. (2019). The relationship between cognitive impairment and homocysteine in a B12 and folate deficient population in China: A cross-sectional study. Medicine, 98 (47), e17970. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000017970

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Christopher Shanahan. (2021). Cognitive Health and Economic Benefits of Using Vitamin B Food Supplements Among the European Union’s Aging Population. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 10(6), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Christopher Shanahan. Cognitive Health and Economic Benefits of Using Vitamin B Food Supplements Among the European Union’s Aging Population. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2021, 10(6), 117-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Christopher Shanahan. Cognitive Health and Economic Benefits of Using Vitamin B Food Supplements Among the European Union’s Aging Population. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2021;10(6):117-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11,
  author = {Christopher Shanahan},
  title = {Cognitive Health and Economic Benefits of Using Vitamin B Food Supplements Among the European Union’s Aging Population},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {6},
  pages = {117-125},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20211006.11},
  abstract = {Giving the ageing of its citizens, and the expected rise in cognitive impairment that is likely to follow, the need for the mitigating tools to help manage the burden and the consequences of cognitive impairment grows daily in the European Union (EU). The total annual cost of managing the consequences of cognitive impairment among those age 65 and older in the EU was €265.17 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach €530.69 billion by 2030 given that more than 17 million European Union citizens will likely be inflicted by cognitive impairment of some type by 2030. This case study found that the total potential benefits for adults age 65 and older at risk of suffering from cognitive impairment from the daily utilization of Vitamin B at an effective intake level can yield over € 25 billion in health care cost savings per year between now and 2030 if all at-risk adults age 65 and older utilised Vitamin B supplements at effective intake levels. This finding is based on the meta analysis results of the qualified set of scientific studies where it is expected that the absolute risk reduction of a prevalent cognitive impairment event, given the supportive daily use of vitamin B food supplements is 9.5% relative risk reduction. This research and related case studies show that significant healthcare cost savings could be realised through a rigorous effort to identify high risk populations, such as seniors at risk of brain diseases that causes severe cognitive impairment, and inspire them to use an vitamin B food supplement that is shown through the scientific literature to have a significant health benefit to the user.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Cognitive Health and Economic Benefits of Using Vitamin B Food Supplements Among the European Union’s Aging Population
AU  - Christopher Shanahan
Y1  - 2021/11/23
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 117
EP  - 125
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11
AB  - Giving the ageing of its citizens, and the expected rise in cognitive impairment that is likely to follow, the need for the mitigating tools to help manage the burden and the consequences of cognitive impairment grows daily in the European Union (EU). The total annual cost of managing the consequences of cognitive impairment among those age 65 and older in the EU was €265.17 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach €530.69 billion by 2030 given that more than 17 million European Union citizens will likely be inflicted by cognitive impairment of some type by 2030. This case study found that the total potential benefits for adults age 65 and older at risk of suffering from cognitive impairment from the daily utilization of Vitamin B at an effective intake level can yield over € 25 billion in health care cost savings per year between now and 2030 if all at-risk adults age 65 and older utilised Vitamin B supplements at effective intake levels. This finding is based on the meta analysis results of the qualified set of scientific studies where it is expected that the absolute risk reduction of a prevalent cognitive impairment event, given the supportive daily use of vitamin B food supplements is 9.5% relative risk reduction. This research and related case studies show that significant healthcare cost savings could be realised through a rigorous effort to identify high risk populations, such as seniors at risk of brain diseases that causes severe cognitive impairment, and inspire them to use an vitamin B food supplement that is shown through the scientific literature to have a significant health benefit to the user.
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Christopher Shanahan

Frost and Sullivan, Santa Clara, United States of America

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Christopher Shanahan. (2021). Cognitive Health and Economic Benefits of Using Vitamin B Food Supplements Among the European Union’s Aging Population. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 10(6), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Christopher Shanahan. Cognitive Health and Economic Benefits of Using Vitamin B Food Supplements Among the European Union’s Aging Population. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2021, 10(6), 117-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Christopher Shanahan. Cognitive Health and Economic Benefits of Using Vitamin B Food Supplements Among the European Union’s Aging Population. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2021;10(6):117-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11,
  author = {Christopher Shanahan},
  title = {Cognitive Health and Economic Benefits of Using Vitamin B Food Supplements Among the European Union’s Aging Population},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {6},
  pages = {117-125},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20211006.11},
  abstract = {Giving the ageing of its citizens, and the expected rise in cognitive impairment that is likely to follow, the need for the mitigating tools to help manage the burden and the consequences of cognitive impairment grows daily in the European Union (EU). The total annual cost of managing the consequences of cognitive impairment among those age 65 and older in the EU was €265.17 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach €530.69 billion by 2030 given that more than 17 million European Union citizens will likely be inflicted by cognitive impairment of some type by 2030. This case study found that the total potential benefits for adults age 65 and older at risk of suffering from cognitive impairment from the daily utilization of Vitamin B at an effective intake level can yield over € 25 billion in health care cost savings per year between now and 2030 if all at-risk adults age 65 and older utilised Vitamin B supplements at effective intake levels. This finding is based on the meta analysis results of the qualified set of scientific studies where it is expected that the absolute risk reduction of a prevalent cognitive impairment event, given the supportive daily use of vitamin B food supplements is 9.5% relative risk reduction. This research and related case studies show that significant healthcare cost savings could be realised through a rigorous effort to identify high risk populations, such as seniors at risk of brain diseases that causes severe cognitive impairment, and inspire them to use an vitamin B food supplement that is shown through the scientific literature to have a significant health benefit to the user.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Cognitive Health and Economic Benefits of Using Vitamin B Food Supplements Among the European Union’s Aging Population
AU  - Christopher Shanahan
Y1  - 2021/11/23
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 117
EP  - 125
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211006.11
AB  - Giving the ageing of its citizens, and the expected rise in cognitive impairment that is likely to follow, the need for the mitigating tools to help manage the burden and the consequences of cognitive impairment grows daily in the European Union (EU). The total annual cost of managing the consequences of cognitive impairment among those age 65 and older in the EU was €265.17 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach €530.69 billion by 2030 given that more than 17 million European Union citizens will likely be inflicted by cognitive impairment of some type by 2030. This case study found that the total potential benefits for adults age 65 and older at risk of suffering from cognitive impairment from the daily utilization of Vitamin B at an effective intake level can yield over € 25 billion in health care cost savings per year between now and 2030 if all at-risk adults age 65 and older utilised Vitamin B supplements at effective intake levels. This finding is based on the meta analysis results of the qualified set of scientific studies where it is expected that the absolute risk reduction of a prevalent cognitive impairment event, given the supportive daily use of vitamin B food supplements is 9.5% relative risk reduction. This research and related case studies show that significant healthcare cost savings could be realised through a rigorous effort to identify high risk populations, such as seniors at risk of brain diseases that causes severe cognitive impairment, and inspire them to use an vitamin B food supplement that is shown through the scientific literature to have a significant health benefit to the user.
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download