An Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas in Warri Metropolis

Ogeleka Doris Fovwe; Okpako Solomon; Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11

| Peer-Reviewed

An Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas in Warri Metropolis

Ogeleka Doris Fovwe, Okpako Solomon, Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 8 September 2014 Accepted: 22 September 2014 Published: 20 October 2014

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Twenty four (24) groundwater samples were collected from some selected areas in Warri Metropolis, Delta State in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. The areas covered include: Udu, Ajaminogha, Edjeba, Bendel Estate, Enerhen, Igbudu, Jakpa and Eboh. The quality of these private borehole water samples was assessed using methods recommended for water quality by America Public Health Association. The water samples were analysed for physico-chemical and microbial parameters so as to ascertain their potability. The results revealed that pH was relatively low in all the waters with values varying from 4.15 to 4.86 pH. All the groundwater samples could be termed ‘freshwater’ as revealed in the total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity levels, which ranged from (61.33 mg/L to 277.0 mg/L) and (12.55 mg/L to 82.59 mg/L) respectively. The mean turbidity values varied from 0.11 to 1.17 NTU. The water samples were fairly soft as revealed in the results for total hardness (12 – 16 mg CaCO3/L). Total iron, copper and zinc had concentrations levels within the local (Nigerian) and International [World Health Organization (WHO)] standards. Concentrations levels of these metals in the sampled locations were in trace quantity. However, lead, cadmium and chromium were not detected in any of the samples analyzed. It has been known that intake of water with low pH values could cause some severe health implications including gastrointestinal disorders and ulcers. This assessment was necessitated due to the fact that individuals resort to digging their privately owned boreholes, since the Government public utility water services have failed and do not supply potable or domestic waters to residences in these areas. In this vein, since residents in these areas use the untreated water from such borehole extensively for drinking and major domestic purposes, there may be likely health and environmental implications.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11
Page(s)	55-60
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water Quality, Potability, Standards, Contamination, Safe Drinking, Parameters

References

[1]	Gupta D.P., Sunita, J. and Saharan P., 2009. Physiochemical Analysis of groundwater of selected area of Kaithal City (Haryana) India. Researcher, 1(2): 1-5.
[2]	Garg V.K., Chaudhary A., Deepshikha A. and Dahiya S., 1999. An appraisal of groundwater quality in some village of district Jind. Indian J Environ Prot. 19(4): 267-272.
[3]	McGeer J.C., Brix K.V., Skeaff J.M., Deforest D.K. and Brigham S.I., 2003. Inverse relationship between bioconcentration factor and exposure concentration for metals: Implication for hazard assessment of metals in the aquatic environment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22: 1017-1037.
[4]	World Health Organization (WHO)., 2006. Guidelines for drinking water quality. 3rd ed. WHO Press. Geneva, Switzerland. pp 398.
[5]	Tawari-Fufeyin P. and Ekaye S.A., 2007. Fish species diversity as indicator of pollution in Ikpoba river, Benin City, Nigeria. Rev. Fish Biol. Fisheries., 17: 21-30.
[6]	Riely, P.J. and Warren D.S., 1980. Money down the drain - A rational approach to sewage. The Ecologist 10:10.
[7]	Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA)., 1991. Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria. University Press, Lagos. p. 238 - 245.
[8]	Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR)., 2002. Environmental guidelines and standards for the petroleum industry in Nigeria (EGASPIN) Revised Edition. p. 277-288.
[9]	Tamuno T., 2000. The Niger Delta question. Port Harcourt: Riverside Communications. Tell Magazine. (2005). 18 April, 16-18.
[10]	Chinweze C. and Abiola-Oloke G., 2009. Women Issues, Poverty and Social Challenge of Climate Change in the Nigerian Niger Delta Context. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on the Human Dimension of Global Environmental Change (IHDP Open Meeting), UN Campus, Bonn, Germany; 26-30 April.
[11]	American Public Health Association APHA, America Water Works Association. AWWA, Water Environmental Federation WEF., 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st ed.
[12]	Folsom B.L., Lee C.R. and Bates D.J., 1981. Influence of disposal environment on availability and plant uptake of heavy metals in dredged material. Technol. Rep. EL-81-12.US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
[13]	Routledge D. and Stewart D., 1998. Water: Essential for Existence. Explore Magazine. 8(5): 1-5.
[14]	Shastri S.C., Bakra P.P. and Khan J.I., 1996. Industry environment and the law. R 13SA Publishers, Jaipur.
[15]	Manivasakam N., 1996. Physical Chemical examination of water, sewage and industrial effluents 3rd ed, Pragati Prakashan, Meeret, India.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ogeleka Doris Fovwe, Okpako Solomon, Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe. (2014). An Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas in Warri Metropolis. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 3(5), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ogeleka Doris Fovwe; Okpako Solomon; Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe. An Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas in Warri Metropolis. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2014, 3(5), 55-60. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ogeleka Doris Fovwe, Okpako Solomon, Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe. An Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas in Warri Metropolis. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2014;3(5):55-60. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11,
  author = {Ogeleka Doris Fovwe and Okpako Solomon and Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe},
  title = {An Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas in Warri Metropolis},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {55-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20140305.11},
  abstract = {Twenty four (24) groundwater samples were collected from some selected areas in Warri Metropolis, Delta State in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. The areas covered include: Udu, Ajaminogha, Edjeba, Bendel Estate, Enerhen, Igbudu, Jakpa and Eboh. The quality of these private borehole water samples was assessed using methods recommended for water quality by America Public Health Association. The water samples were analysed for physico-chemical and microbial parameters so as to ascertain their potability. The results revealed that pH was relatively low in all the waters with values varying from 4.15 to 4.86 pH. All the groundwater samples could be termed ‘freshwater’ as revealed in the total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity levels, which ranged from (61.33 mg/L to 277.0 mg/L) and (12.55 mg/L to 82.59 mg/L) respectively. The mean turbidity values varied from 0.11 to 1.17 NTU. The water samples were fairly soft as revealed in the results for total hardness (12 – 16 mg CaCO3/L). Total iron, copper and zinc had concentrations levels within the local (Nigerian) and International [World Health Organization (WHO)] standards. Concentrations levels of these metals in the sampled locations were in trace quantity. However, lead, cadmium and chromium were not detected in any of the samples analyzed. It has been known that intake of water with low pH values could cause some severe health implications including gastrointestinal disorders and ulcers. This assessment was necessitated due to the fact that individuals resort to digging their privately owned boreholes, since the Government public utility water services have failed and do not supply potable or domestic waters to residences in these areas. In this vein, since residents in these areas use the untreated water from such borehole extensively for drinking and major domestic purposes, there may be likely health and environmental implications.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - An Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas in Warri Metropolis
AU - Ogeleka Doris Fovwe
AU - Okpako Solomon
AU - Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe
Y1 - 2014/10/20
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11
DO - 10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11
T2 - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP - 55
EP - 60
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7993
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11
AB - Twenty four (24) groundwater samples were collected from some selected areas in Warri Metropolis, Delta State in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. The areas covered include: Udu, Ajaminogha, Edjeba, Bendel Estate, Enerhen, Igbudu, Jakpa and Eboh. The quality of these private borehole water samples was assessed using methods recommended for water quality by America Public Health Association. The water samples were analysed for physico-chemical and microbial parameters so as to ascertain their potability. The results revealed that pH was relatively low in all the waters with values varying from 4.15 to 4.86 pH. All the groundwater samples could be termed ‘freshwater’ as revealed in the total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity levels, which ranged from (61.33 mg/L to 277.0 mg/L) and (12.55 mg/L to 82.59 mg/L) respectively. The mean turbidity values varied from 0.11 to 1.17 NTU. The water samples were fairly soft as revealed in the results for total hardness (12 – 16 mg CaCO3/L). Total iron, copper and zinc had concentrations levels within the local (Nigerian) and International [World Health Organization (WHO)] standards. Concentrations levels of these metals in the sampled locations were in trace quantity. However, lead, cadmium and chromium were not detected in any of the samples analyzed. It has been known that intake of water with low pH values could cause some severe health implications including gastrointestinal disorders and ulcers. This assessment was necessitated due to the fact that individuals resort to digging their privately owned boreholes, since the Government public utility water services have failed and do not supply potable or domestic waters to residences in these areas. In this vein, since residents in these areas use the untreated water from such borehole extensively for drinking and major domestic purposes, there may be likely health and environmental implications.
VL - 3
IS - 5
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Ogeleka Doris Fovwe

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State
Okpako Solomon

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State
Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe

University of Benin, Geo-Environmental and Climate Change Adaptation Research Centre, Benin City

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ogeleka Doris Fovwe, Okpako Solomon, Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe. (2014). An Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas in Warri Metropolis. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 3(5), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ogeleka Doris Fovwe; Okpako Solomon; Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe. An Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas in Warri Metropolis. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2014, 3(5), 55-60. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ogeleka Doris Fovwe, Okpako Solomon, Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe. An Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas in Warri Metropolis. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2014;3(5):55-60. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11,
  author = {Ogeleka Doris Fovwe and Okpako Solomon and Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe},
  title = {An Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas in Warri Metropolis},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {55-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140305.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20140305.11},
  abstract = {Twenty four (24) groundwater samples were collected from some selected areas in Warri Metropolis, Delta State in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. The areas covered include: Udu, Ajaminogha, Edjeba, Bendel Estate, Enerhen, Igbudu, Jakpa and Eboh. The quality of these private borehole water samples was assessed using methods recommended for water quality by America Public Health Association. The water samples were analysed for physico-chemical and microbial parameters so as to ascertain their potability. The results revealed that pH was relatively low in all the waters with values varying from 4.15 to 4.86 pH. All the groundwater samples could be termed ‘freshwater’ as revealed in the total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity levels, which ranged from (61.33 mg/L to 277.0 mg/L) and (12.55 mg/L to 82.59 mg/L) respectively. The mean turbidity values varied from 0.11 to 1.17 NTU. The water samples were fairly soft as revealed in the results for total hardness (12 – 16 mg CaCO3/L). Total iron, copper and zinc had concentrations levels within the local (Nigerian) and International [World Health Organization (WHO)] standards. Concentrations levels of these metals in the sampled locations were in trace quantity. However, lead, cadmium and chromium were not detected in any of the samples analyzed. It has been known that intake of water with low pH values could cause some severe health implications including gastrointestinal disorders and ulcers. This assessment was necessitated due to the fact that individuals resort to digging their privately owned boreholes, since the Government public utility water services have failed and do not supply potable or domestic waters to residences in these areas. In this vein, since residents in these areas use the untreated water from such borehole extensively for drinking and major domestic purposes, there may be likely health and environmental implications.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download