The Impact of Karkheh Dam Construction on Reducing the Extent of Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim

Samira Fuladavand; Gholam Abbas Sayyad

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11

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The Impact of Karkheh Dam Construction on Reducing the Extent of Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim

Samira Fuladavand, Gholam Abbas Sayyad

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 14 December 2014 Accepted: 13 February 2015 Published: 25 February 2015

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Abstract

Hoor-Alazim wetland in the southwest part of Iran at Khozestan province is located in Iran and Iraq borderline. The wetland extent depends on the entering river sediments and its supply. Hoor-Alazim is affected by the torrential sediments of rivers such as Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq and Karkheh in Iran. By 1998, Iran has started to exploit from the largest dam on Karkheh River, this river is one of the largest watery sources in Hoor-Alazim wetland. To supply with water of the dam caused to decline the quantity of entering water to the wetland and following it, the wetland extend has been reduced remarkably. Although various studies have been performed about the Hoor-Alazim wetland and it’s expansion, no study has been yet conducted about the quantity of the entering water to the wetland. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the quantity (discharge and rainfall) entering water to the wetland during a certain statistical period in 3 hydrometric stations of Karkheh watershed basin (Hufel, Neisan, Hamidieh). To achieve the purposes of this research, researchers used the recorded data and information from the Khuzestan Water and Power Authority during the last 40 years using SPSS, GIS, and RS. Also, these influenced the wetland expansion and also finally the dust production in Ahvaz city was examined. Results from this study showed that the main factor which reduced wetland expansion is the reduction of entering water to it caused by the Karkheh River drainage. Despite the rain rate in the recent years which hadn’t changed significantly, the amount of the entering water to the wetland was reduced. According to the results, the wetland expansion has changed from 900 km2 by 1991 to about 300 km2 by 2008.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11
Page(s)	33-38
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dam Construction, Karkheh Dam, Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim

References

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[4]	Coppin, P., Jonckheere, I., Nackaerts, K., Muys, B., and Lambin, E., 2004, Digital change detection methods in ecosystem monitoring; a review, International Journal of Remote Sensing. Vol. 25, pp. 1565-1596.
[5]	Dugan, P.J (ed), 1993, Wetland Conservation: a Review of Current Issue and Required Action, Vol. 1, first ed., IUCN/Gland, Switzerland, pp. 65-70.
[6]	Friedl, G., Wuest, A., 2001, Southeastern Anatolia Project in Turkey – GAP. Seminar for Doctoral Students at the ETH Zurich, pp. 21-24.
[7]	Friedl, G., and Wuest, A, 2001, Southeastern Anatolia Project in Turkey–GAP, Seminar for Doctoral Students at the ETH Zurich, pp. 21-24. http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/damsworldwide_e.html.
[8]	Ghobadi, Y., Pradhan, B., Kabiri, K., Pirasteh, S., Shafri, H. Z.M., and Sayyad, G. A., Use of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Data and GIS for Wet land Change Moni tor ing and Degradation, IEEE Colloquim on Humanities, Science & Engineering Research (CHUSER 2012), December 3-4, 2012 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malasia (2012).
[9]	JAMAB, 1999, Comprehensive assessment of national water resources: Karkheh River Basin, JAMAB Consulting Engineers in Association with Ministry of Energy, Iran (In Persian).
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[13]	Jones, C.K., Sultan, M., Al-Dousari, A., Salih, S.A., Becker, R. and Milewski, A., 2005, Who did what to the Mesopotamian Marshlands? Inferences from Temporal Satellite Data. ‏The Proceedings of Annual Meeting of Geological Society of America Programs, 37(7), pp. 231-6.
[14]	Jones, C., Sultan, M., Yan, E., Mileweki, A., Hossein, M., Al-Dousari, A., Al-Kaisy, S., and Becker, R., 2008, Hydrological impacts of engineering projects on the Tigris-Euphrates system and its marshlands, Hydrology, 353, pp. 59-75.
[15]	Masih, M. D. Ahman. S. Uhlenbrook, H. Turral, and P. Karimi, 2009, Analyzing stream flow variability and water allocation for sustainable management of water resources in the semi-arid Karkheh river basin, Iran, Physic and Chemistry of the Earth, Vol. 34, pp. 329-340.
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[17]	Mokhtari, S., Soltani, H., Yavari, A., 2009, Self Organizing at Hoor-Alazim/ Hoor Alhoviezeh wetland with emphasis on ecology Landscape, Journal of Natural Geography Researches, No. 70, pp. 93-105.
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APA Style

Samira Fuladavand, Gholam Abbas Sayyad. (2015). The Impact of Karkheh Dam Construction on Reducing the Extent of Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 4(2), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11

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ACS Style

Samira Fuladavand; Gholam Abbas Sayyad. The Impact of Karkheh Dam Construction on Reducing the Extent of Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2015, 4(2), 33-38. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11

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AMA Style

Samira Fuladavand, Gholam Abbas Sayyad. The Impact of Karkheh Dam Construction on Reducing the Extent of Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2015;4(2):33-38. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11,
  author = {Samira Fuladavand and Gholam Abbas Sayyad},
  title = {The Impact of Karkheh Dam Construction on Reducing the Extent of Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {33-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20150402.11},
  abstract = {Hoor-Alazim wetland in the southwest part of Iran at Khozestan province is located in Iran and Iraq borderline. The wetland extent depends on the entering river sediments and its supply. Hoor-Alazim is affected by the torrential sediments of rivers such as Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq and Karkheh in Iran. By 1998, Iran has started to exploit from the largest dam on Karkheh River, this river is one of the largest watery sources in Hoor-Alazim wetland. To supply with water of the dam caused to decline the quantity of entering water to the wetland and following it, the wetland extend has been reduced remarkably. Although various studies have been performed about the Hoor-Alazim wetland and it’s expansion, no study has been yet conducted about the quantity of the entering water to the wetland. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the quantity (discharge and rainfall) entering water to the wetland during a certain statistical period in 3 hydrometric stations of Karkheh watershed basin (Hufel, Neisan, Hamidieh). To achieve the purposes of this research, researchers used the recorded data and information from the Khuzestan Water and Power Authority during the last 40 years using SPSS, GIS, and RS. Also, these influenced the wetland expansion and also finally the dust production in Ahvaz city was examined. Results from this study showed that the main factor which reduced wetland expansion is the reduction of entering water to it caused by the Karkheh River drainage. Despite the rain rate in the recent years which hadn’t changed significantly, the amount of the entering water to the wetland was reduced. According to the results, the wetland expansion has changed from 900 km2 by 1991 to about 300 km2 by 2008.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - The Impact of Karkheh Dam Construction on Reducing the Extent of Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim
AU - Samira Fuladavand
AU - Gholam Abbas Sayyad
Y1 - 2015/02/25
PY - 2015
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11
DO - 10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11
T2 - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP - 33
EP - 38
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7993
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11
AB - Hoor-Alazim wetland in the southwest part of Iran at Khozestan province is located in Iran and Iraq borderline. The wetland extent depends on the entering river sediments and its supply. Hoor-Alazim is affected by the torrential sediments of rivers such as Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq and Karkheh in Iran. By 1998, Iran has started to exploit from the largest dam on Karkheh River, this river is one of the largest watery sources in Hoor-Alazim wetland. To supply with water of the dam caused to decline the quantity of entering water to the wetland and following it, the wetland extend has been reduced remarkably. Although various studies have been performed about the Hoor-Alazim wetland and it’s expansion, no study has been yet conducted about the quantity of the entering water to the wetland. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the quantity (discharge and rainfall) entering water to the wetland during a certain statistical period in 3 hydrometric stations of Karkheh watershed basin (Hufel, Neisan, Hamidieh). To achieve the purposes of this research, researchers used the recorded data and information from the Khuzestan Water and Power Authority during the last 40 years using SPSS, GIS, and RS. Also, these influenced the wetland expansion and also finally the dust production in Ahvaz city was examined. Results from this study showed that the main factor which reduced wetland expansion is the reduction of entering water to it caused by the Karkheh River drainage. Despite the rain rate in the recent years which hadn’t changed significantly, the amount of the entering water to the wetland was reduced. According to the results, the wetland expansion has changed from 900 km2 by 1991 to about 300 km2 by 2008.
VL - 4
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Samira Fuladavand

Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Gholam Abbas Sayyad

Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

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APA Style

Samira Fuladavand, Gholam Abbas Sayyad. (2015). The Impact of Karkheh Dam Construction on Reducing the Extent of Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 4(2), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11

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ACS Style

Samira Fuladavand; Gholam Abbas Sayyad. The Impact of Karkheh Dam Construction on Reducing the Extent of Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2015, 4(2), 33-38. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11

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AMA Style

Samira Fuladavand, Gholam Abbas Sayyad. The Impact of Karkheh Dam Construction on Reducing the Extent of Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2015;4(2):33-38. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11,
  author = {Samira Fuladavand and Gholam Abbas Sayyad},
  title = {The Impact of Karkheh Dam Construction on Reducing the Extent of Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {33-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20150402.11},
  abstract = {Hoor-Alazim wetland in the southwest part of Iran at Khozestan province is located in Iran and Iraq borderline. The wetland extent depends on the entering river sediments and its supply. Hoor-Alazim is affected by the torrential sediments of rivers such as Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq and Karkheh in Iran. By 1998, Iran has started to exploit from the largest dam on Karkheh River, this river is one of the largest watery sources in Hoor-Alazim wetland. To supply with water of the dam caused to decline the quantity of entering water to the wetland and following it, the wetland extend has been reduced remarkably. Although various studies have been performed about the Hoor-Alazim wetland and it’s expansion, no study has been yet conducted about the quantity of the entering water to the wetland. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the quantity (discharge and rainfall) entering water to the wetland during a certain statistical period in 3 hydrometric stations of Karkheh watershed basin (Hufel, Neisan, Hamidieh). To achieve the purposes of this research, researchers used the recorded data and information from the Khuzestan Water and Power Authority during the last 40 years using SPSS, GIS, and RS. Also, these influenced the wetland expansion and also finally the dust production in Ahvaz city was examined. Results from this study showed that the main factor which reduced wetland expansion is the reduction of entering water to it caused by the Karkheh River drainage. Despite the rain rate in the recent years which hadn’t changed significantly, the amount of the entering water to the wetland was reduced. According to the results, the wetland expansion has changed from 900 km2 by 1991 to about 300 km2 by 2008.},
 year = {2015}
}

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