Review on Emerging and Reemerging Microbial Causes in Bovine Abortion
S. Parthiban,
S. Malmarugan,
M. S. Murugan,
J. Johnson Rajeswar,
P. Pothiappan
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4-1, July 2015
Pages:
1-6
Received:
13 April 2015
Accepted:
13 April 2015
Published:
23 April 2015
Abstract: This review summarizesemergingand re-emergingmajor bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan causes of abortion in cattle. The clinical presentations of disease due to reproductive pathogens are emphasized, with afocus on assisting development of complete lists of major causes that result in abortion in cattle. Clinicians areencouraged to assess clinical presentation, create complete lists of differential diagnoses, obtain appropriate diagnostic samples, maximize diagnostic laboratory support, and avoid zoonotic infections resulting from reproductive pathogens of animals. Thefoundation of an accurate diagnosis of reproductive loss due to infectious pathogens facilitates the prudent use of immunization andbiosecurity to minimize reproductive losses.
Abstract: This review summarizesemergingand re-emergingmajor bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan causes of abortion in cattle. The clinical presentations of disease due to reproductive pathogens are emphasized, with afocus on assisting development of complete lists of major causes that result in abortion in cattle. Clinicians areencouraged to assess clini...
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Anthrax: A Re-Emerging Livestock Disease
S. Parthiban,
S. Malmarugan,
M. S. Murugan,
J. Johnson Rajeswar,
P. Pothiappan
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4-1, July 2015
Pages:
7-12
Received:
13 April 2015
Accepted:
13 April 2015
Published:
12 May 2015
Abstract: Anthrax is a contagious and highly fatal zoonotic bacterial disease affecting primarily herbivores. Mortality can be very high, especially in herbivores. The disease has world-wide distribution and is a zoonosis. The etiological agent is the endospore-forming, Gram-positive, nonmotile, rod-shaped Bacillus anthracis. Central to the persistence of anthrax in an area is the ability of B. anthracis to form long-lasting, highly resistant spores. Understanding the ecology of anthrax spores is essential if one hopes to control epidemics. Studies on the ecology of anthrax spores have found a correlation between the disease and specific soil factors, such as alkaline pH, high moisture, and high organic content. The repeated anthrax outbreak in livestock and subsequent infection to human has been considered as a nationwide alarming issue. Outbreaks of anthrax have diverse consequences on society. Establishing the appropriate control strategies is very important and crucial in reducing the socio-economic impact of the disease. Control measures are aimed at breaking the cycle of infection, and their implementation must be adhered to rigorously. It can be used as a biological weapon and has been classified as a Category ‘A’ bio threat by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This review describes this important disease covering its etiology, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and prevention and control strategies to be adopted to combat this globally important pathogen.
Abstract: Anthrax is a contagious and highly fatal zoonotic bacterial disease affecting primarily herbivores. Mortality can be very high, especially in herbivores. The disease has world-wide distribution and is a zoonosis. The etiological agent is the endospore-forming, Gram-positive, nonmotile, rod-shaped Bacillus anthracis. Central to the persistence of a...
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