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Viability of Probiotics in Frozen Yogurt Supplemented with Inulin and Glycerol
Hafiz Shehzad Muzammil,
Barbara Rasco,
Muhammad Junaid
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
116-120
Received:
23 April 2018
Accepted:
19 May 2018
Published:
25 June 2018
Abstract: To evaluate the effect of inulin and glycerol supplementation on the viability of probiotic and yogurt bacterial cultures in frozen yogurt, this study was conducted. The frozen yogurt mixture was prepared with different types of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis) along with commercial yogurt starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus). Different concentrations of inulin (2%, 4%, and 6%) and glycerol (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) were also supplemented. The cultural survival rates before and after freezing and with 3 weeks regular intervals up to 12 weeks were examined. The viability loss during freezing process of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus were recorded 0.2-0.3 log cycles. While, in probiotic cultures this was observed 0.2-0.5 log cycles in L. acidophilus and 0.1-0.2 log cycles in B. lactis concentration. The glycerol 4% supplementation in this study has shown most significant improvement in viability (P<0.05).
Abstract: To evaluate the effect of inulin and glycerol supplementation on the viability of probiotic and yogurt bacterial cultures in frozen yogurt, this study was conducted. The frozen yogurt mixture was prepared with different types of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis) along with commercial yogurt starter culture (Streptoco...
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Assessment of Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Adolescents in a Resource – Poor Environment in Nigeria
Sarah Iyoefo Iyalomhe,
Samuel Esiemokhai Iyalomhe,
Ifeanyi Godwin Nwadike,
Rosemary Ngozi Osunde,
Godfrey Bolade Samuel Iyalomhe
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
121-128
Received:
31 May 2018
Accepted:
20 June 2018
Published:
7 July 2018
Abstract: Information is scarce about dietary habits and nutritional status in adolescents in Ekpoma, Nigeria. This is partly because of this age group’s reputation for capriciousness and also because health services/research in developing countries tend to focus more on pre-school children and pregnant women. This study aimed to optimize the health needs of Nigerian adolescents by determining the dietary habits and the nutritional status of adolescents using anthropometry. The cross-sectional descriptive study engaged 400 adolescents aged 10 - 19 years in four secondary schools in Ekpoma using a semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. Height (m2) and weight (kg) were measured and body mass index (BMI) was computed to assess underweight, normal weight, over-weight or obesity. SPSS was used to analyse data. Important factors affecting dietary habits include parental influence (87%), taste of food (71%), mass media reports (61%) and culture (55%). Percentages of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents were 24%, 72%, 3% and 1%, respectively. There was significant association between BMI and monthly household income, p<0.002. There were no significant gender differences. In contrast to the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide, this study has demonstrated that under-nutrition is a challenge in this environment. Intensified nutritional education, provision of adequate healthy diets and motivational strategies are imperatives to prevent malnutrition and its related health consequences in this adolescent population – tomorrow’s adults.
Abstract: Information is scarce about dietary habits and nutritional status in adolescents in Ekpoma, Nigeria. This is partly because of this age group’s reputation for capriciousness and also because health services/research in developing countries tend to focus more on pre-school children and pregnant women. This study aimed to optimize the health needs of...
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Determination of 19 Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Milk Powder by GPC-GC-MS
Zhaofeng Wu,
Xiaoyan Peng,
Sheng Chen,
Zhanteng Zeng
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
129-133
Received:
5 June 2018
Accepted:
22 June 2018
Published:
17 July 2018
Abstract: To establish the GPC - GC - MS detection method for determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in milk powder. After simple processing samples, concentration with multi-position concentrator, and online cleaning with GPC-GC-MS, injection into the mass spectrometer for analysis. Results showed that in the linear range of 5～100 ug/L, the correlation coefficient were >0.998, and the method detection limits (MDLs) were <0.5 ug/kg. The spiked recoveries at three levels of 10, 50, 100 ug/kg were in the range of 70 ~ 95%, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n=6) were<10%. This method had advantages of good accuracy and precision, simple operation, rapid, and was suitable for routine analysis.
Abstract: To establish the GPC - GC - MS detection method for determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in milk powder. After simple processing samples, concentration with multi-position concentrator, and online cleaning with GPC-GC-MS, injection into the mass spectrometer for analysis. Results showed that in the linear range of 5～100 ug/L, the corr...
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Hepatoprotective Effect of an Antrodia cinnamomea Product Via a Novel Process on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Hong-Ying Hsiao,
Yih-Ming Weng
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
134-141
Received:
9 August 2018
Published:
13 August 2018
Abstract: Antrodia cinnamomea, causing a brown heart rot of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay. endemic to Taiwan, was reported to have several biological activities for treating liver diseases, inflammation, tumors, et al. It was believed that wild or wood-cultured A.cinnamomea on C.kanehirai Hay. was better than by other means. However, C.kanehirai Hay. was rare and expensive, that resulted in a higher price of wild or wood-cultured A.cinnamomea. Hence, a novel process was developed to spray solid-state-cultured A.cinnamomea extracts on wood-cultured A.cinnamomea powder to make a high quality and low price product. The purpose of the study was to evaluate its hepatoprotection against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Results revealed that aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of Sprague Dawley rats administered 20% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) twice a week, when the rats was also administered 413.4 or 1033.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) A.cinnamomea daily for 8 weeks, were significantly reduced in serum. Administration of 1033.5 mg/kg BW A.cinnamomea daily would not only reduce the rats’ liver and spleen swelling, liver fibrosis, and level of hydroxyproline, but increase activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione. In conclusion, the A.cinnamomea product via the novel process at 1033.5 mg/kg BW had hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Abstract: Antrodia cinnamomea, causing a brown heart rot of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay. endemic to Taiwan, was reported to have several biological activities for treating liver diseases, inflammation, tumors, et al. It was believed that wild or wood-cultured A.cinnamomea on C.kanehirai Hay. was better than by other means. However, C.kanehirai Hay. was rare and...
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Influence of Drying Methods on Flour Quality and Cyanide Content of Cassava Root Tuber
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
142-147
Received:
17 July 2018
Accepted:
7 August 2018
Published:
22 August 2018
Abstract: The aim of this particular work was to study effect of different drying methods on the quality attributes of cassava flour focusing on physico-chemical properties (moisture, water activity, pH and titratable acidity), functional properties (water and oil absorption capacity, bulk density, foaming capacity and stability) and also antinutritional factor specially cyanide content in dried cassava tuber. Losses were determined in flours after drying of slices. Prior to drying, samples were washed with clean water to remove adhering soil and other undesirable materials. The samples were sorted and hand-peeled using clean, sharp knives and then sliced into sizes of 2 to 2.5cm in thickness. Drying methods like tray drying, oven drying and sun drying were investigated. The physico-chemical properties were 11.45, 9.67, 9.23 of moisture content, 0.59, 0.54, 0.48 of water activity, 6.55, 6.74, 6.92 of pH, 2.35, 2.36, 2.33 of titratable acidity for tray dried, oven dried and sun dried cassava flours respectively using different drying time. The low moisture observed for all prepared cassava flours is a good indicator of their potential to have longer shelf life. All prepared flours predict lower water activity (< 0.5). These shows using these drying methodologies and the respective drying time of the prepared flours were safe from microbial growth during storage time. The functional properties were 0.58, 0.55, 0.49g/ml, 0.64, 0.78, 0.65ml/g, 2.11, 2.03, 1.85ml/g, 2.45, 2.73, 2.55%, and 2.34, 2.13, 1.97% of bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foam capacity and foam stability for tray dried, oven dried and sun dried cassava flours respectively. Sun dried cassava flour samples shows a lower cyanide content whereas tray dried cassava flour samples had a good functional property.
Abstract: The aim of this particular work was to study effect of different drying methods on the quality attributes of cassava flour focusing on physico-chemical properties (moisture, water activity, pH and titratable acidity), functional properties (water and oil absorption capacity, bulk density, foaming capacity and stability) and also antinutritional fac...
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Effect of Moringa Leaves Powder Consumption on Young Children Nutritional and Serum Retinol Status in Burkina Faso Rural Area
Urbain Zongo,
Boubacar Savadogo,
Steve Leonce Zoungrana,
Dia Sanou,
Aly Savadogo,
Mamoudou Hama Dicko,
Alfred SababenedyoTraore
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2018
Pages:
148-154
Received:
19 July 2018
Accepted:
1 August 2018
Published:
29 August 2018
Abstract: The promotion of the consumption of indigenous plant species with high nutritional value is an important nutrition intervention in Africa rural areas. The current student was a randomized control trial of two groups (ᶲG₥ and ᶲGm) with a baseline and an endline evaluation after 12 weeks. A total of 119 pre-school children received Moringa leaf powder and changes in vitamin A and anthropometric indicators of children were assessed against changes for control group children. After 12 weeks, the mean WHZ reflecting acute malnutrition declined in both groups. The mean WHZ decreased from -2.31 z-score to -1.86 z-score in group 1 (ᶲG₥) and -2.20 z-score to -1.88 z-score in group 2 (ᶲGm) receiving Moringa as a dietary supplement with a statistically significant decrease in groups (p <0.001). The mean serum retinol concentration in children was below the cut-off defining VA deficiency (<0.7 μmol.L-1). The baseline prevalence of VA deficiency was 56.8% in group 1 and 53.8% in group 2. Mean retinol concentrations increased significantly from 0.64 μmol.L-1 to 0.73 μmol.L-1 (p <0.001) in Group 1 (ᶲG₥ (Control) and from 0.64 μmol.L-1 to 0.74 ± 0.05 μmol.L-1 (p <0.001) in group 2 (ᶲGm). Significant increase was observed regardless of gender in both groups. The change between groups was not statistically significant (p=0.838). Our findings showed that the intervention was not effective enough in the change in serum retinol status in children (p = 0.379). The change in serum retinol was significantly influenced by serum retinol concentration at baseline. Therefore, the promotion of Moringa leaf consumption should be complemented by additional approaches to increase VA intake, as well as through public health measures such as deworming programs, to enhance its effectiveness in the fight against VA deficiencies and many other micronutrients.
Abstract: The promotion of the consumption of indigenous plant species with high nutritional value is an important nutrition intervention in Africa rural areas. The current student was a randomized control trial of two groups (ᶲG₥ and ᶲGm) with a baseline and an endline evaluation after 12 weeks. A total of 119 pre-school children received Moringa leaf powde...
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