Omega-3 and Its Anti-Inflammatory Properties – The Key to Fight Inflammation Effectively
Jayachandran Balachandar,
Shahul Hameed Irshad Ahamed,
Amit Kumar Agrawal,
Baani Khanna,
Dilsher Khanna,
Muthurulandi Jayachandran
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
86-89
Received:
9 May 2023
Accepted:
31 May 2023
Published:
17 July 2023
Abstract: Since at least the 1950s, when cod liver oil was found to be effective in treating illnesses including dermatitis and arthritis, the therapeutic effects of omega-3 fatty acids, which are plentiful in some fish oils, have been identified. Scientists observed in the 1980s that Eskimos who ate a fish-rich diet had better heart health than their mainland counterparts. A number of human illnesses are influenced by inappropriate, excessive, or uncontrolled inflammation. One of the primary pathophysiological pathways causing neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative illnesses has been identified as inflammation. Despite the fact that inflammation plays a role in many illnesses, there are currently no viable anti-inflammatory therapy methods. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are able to produce a variety of n-3 PUFA-derived metabolites, including, which can reduce signs of depression and have anti-inflammatory properties. Specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), also known as maresin (MaR) and protectin (PD), have significant anti-inflammatory effects. They are advantageous in all inflammatory disorders and also regulate the neurological system, blood pressure, coagulation, blood glucose tolerance, and processes associated with inflammation.
Abstract: Since at least the 1950s, when cod liver oil was found to be effective in treating illnesses including dermatitis and arthritis, the therapeutic effects of omega-3 fatty acids, which are plentiful in some fish oils, have been identified. Scientists observed in the 1980s that Eskimos who ate a fish-rich diet had better heart health than their mainla...
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Effect of Pre-Emergence Herbicides on Weeds Infestation and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietum L.) at Ezha Woreda Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia
Tadele Bekele,
Getachew Mekonnen,
Ashenafi Mitiku
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
90-100
Received:
16 February 2023
Accepted:
14 July 2023
Published:
26 July 2023
Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important pulses cultivated in Ethiopia. Hence, a field experiment was conducted in Central Ethiopia in Gurage zone at Ezha woreda to investigate the effect of herbicides and their combination on the yield and yield component of chickpea. at Ezha woreda. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Pre-emergence (Pendimethalin and S-metolachlor) herbicides were applied alone at different rates, the reduced-dose combination with herbicides as well as supplemented with one time hand weeding, two-time hand weeding, completely weed-free and weedy treatments. Application of pre-emergence herbicide with their combinations are significantly (P ≤ 0.01) affect the weed density and yield and yield component of chickpea. The lower weed density, high net benefit, higher yield component, and higher yield of chickpea was recorded from application S-metolachlor at 1.0kg ha-1 supplemented by one time hand weeding at five weeks after emergence and Hand weeding at 2 and 5 WAE methods followed by integrated weed control methods. Whereas the lower yield and yield component of chickpea and higher weed density was recorded from at weedy check, one-time hand weeding and hoeing at 2 WAE. Therefore; for intensive farming methods Hand weeding at 2 and 5 WAE methods and for extensive farming methods applying S-metolachlor at 1kg ha-1 supplemented by one time hand weeding at five weeks after emergence of chickpea is suggested to increase the chickpea yield.
Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important pulses cultivated in Ethiopia. Hence, a field experiment was conducted in Central Ethiopia in Gurage zone at Ezha woreda to investigate the effect of herbicides and their combination on the yield and yield component of chickpea. at Ezha woreda. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Co...
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Concentrations, Sources and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Vegetables Cultivated in the Environs of Rivers Niger - Benue Lokoja, Nigeria
Akinlotan Oluyinka Omoyeni,
Odika Ifeoma Maryrose,
Okoye Chuma Benedict
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
101-108
Received:
26 June 2023
Accepted:
12 July 2023
Published:
26 July 2023
Abstract: This study determined the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in vegetables cultivated and consumed in five Local Government Areas around the Rivers Niger Benue confluence at Lokoja, in north central, Nigeria with the view of estimating the daily intake amount and the possible risks to consumers. Sixteen PAHs were determined in vegetable samples purchased from farmers in local markets using a GC-MS. Estimation of daily intake was done on generally exposed consumers. The margin of exposure was used to assess the risk to consumers. The concentration (in µg/kg) of Σ16 PAHs in vegetables were in the range of 2.12±1.5 in tomatoes to 99.88±29.18 in okro samples. Among individual PAH congeners, naphthalene showed very high values in about 60% of the vegetable samples. The concentration of ΣLMW- PAHs ranged from 1.10±0.84 in tomatoes to 90.51±26.71 in okro while that of ΣHMW- PAHs ranged from 1.02±0.66 in tomatoes to 16.65±9.15 in jute leaves. The benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) concentrations in all the samples were slightly below the recommended Food Standard Agency limits of 2µg/kg in food samples. The concentrations (in µg/kg) of Σ8 carcinogenic PAHs in the samples varied from 0.79±0.29 in tomatoes to 13.99±8.05 in jute leaves. The Margin of Exposure (MOE) based on BaP, PAH 2, PAH 4 and PAH 8 for the adults was 100% higher than 10,000 which indicated low concern for human health while in children, 7.14% was less than 10,000. The source determination indicated fuel combustion and pyrolytic emission sources. This study is the first of its kind in the Rivers Niger Benue confluence in particular and in north central Nigeria in general and can serve as a useful baseline for continuous monitoring of PAHs in the locally produced and consumed vegetables in order to ensure protection of human health in the area.
Abstract: This study determined the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in vegetables cultivated and consumed in five Local Government Areas around the Rivers Niger Benue confluence at Lokoja, in north central, Nigeria with the view of estimating the daily intake amount and the possible risks to consumers. Sixteen PAHs were determined in vegeta...
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Studies on the Quality Indices of Processing of Edible Vegetable Oils
Prabaharan Vekataralu Bhavadharani,
Gurumoorthi Parameswaran,
Abishek Sakkaravarthy
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
109-115
Received:
27 March 2023
Accepted:
13 April 2023
Published:
15 August 2023
Abstract: This study shows the quality Indices of edible vegetable oils. The quality of deep-fried oil is affected by several processes such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and polymerization, which in turn alters the flavor stability, and reduces tocopherols and fatty acids in Oil. Palm olein (PO), Refined sunflower oil (RSO), Sesame oil (SO), Groundnut oil (GO), Rice bran oil (RBO), Coconut oil (CO), Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Cold press sesame oil (CSO) and Cold press groundnut oil (CGO) were used in the current study. Oils were fortified with α-tocopherols, retinol, calciferol, and phytonadione of fat-soluble vitamins and were heated at 220°C. Physicochemical characteristics (Primary, secondary, tertiary oxidation) were studied to determine the stability of fortified oil samples. Acid value (mg NaoH/g) of deep-fried coconut oil, groundnut oil, sesame oil, rice bran oil, Palmolein oil, and Refined sunflower oil at 200-220°C is 1.43, 1.55, 7.3, 1.2, 1.13, 1.6 respectively. Peroxide value (meq of active O2/Kg) of deep-fried dried coconut oil, groundnut oil, sesame oil, rice bran oil, Palmolein oil, and refined sunflower oil at 200-220°C is 1.25, 2.6, 3.2, 1.5, 6.98, and 2.25. Iodine value (g of iodine per 100 g oil) of deep-fried coconut oil, groundnut oil, sesame oil, rice bran oil, Palmolein oil, and refined sunflower oil at 200-220°C is 10.6, 99.09, 121.1, 104.45, 63.01, 144.23. After processing at the temperature of 200-220°C, the fortified vitamins have deteriorated.
Abstract: This study shows the quality Indices of edible vegetable oils. The quality of deep-fried oil is affected by several processes such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and polymerization, which in turn alters the flavor stability, and reduces tocopherols and fatty acids in Oil. Palm olein (PO), Refined sunflower oil (RSO), Sesame oil (SO), Groundnut oil (GO),...
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